diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 58761eea05..d9e7df74ad 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     services:
       postgres:
-        image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.1.11@sha256:0335a1a22f8c5dd1b697f14f079934f5152eaaa216c09b61e293be285491f8ee
+        image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.2.0
         env:
           POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
           POSTGRES_USER: postgres
diff --git a/cli/test/e2e/setup.ts b/cli/test/e2e/setup.ts
index 52b2ae082c..fb1d939eba 100644
--- a/cli/test/e2e/setup.ts
+++ b/cli/test/e2e/setup.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export default async () => {
 
   if (process.env.DB_HOSTNAME === undefined) {
     // DB hostname not set which likely means we're not running e2e through docker compose. Start a local postgres container.
-    const pg = await new PostgreSqlContainer('tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.1.11')
+    const pg = await new PostgreSqlContainer('tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.2.0')
       .withExposedPorts(5432)
       .withDatabase('immich')
       .withUsername('postgres')
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose.dev.yml b/docker/docker-compose.dev.yml
index 5290e990e2..e380be4965 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose.dev.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose.dev.yml
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ services:
 
   database:
     container_name: immich_postgres
-    image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.1.11@sha256:0335a1a22f8c5dd1b697f14f079934f5152eaaa216c09b61e293be285491f8ee
+    image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.2.0
     env_file:
       - .env
     environment:
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose.prod.yml b/docker/docker-compose.prod.yml
index 04215b757b..857aa31540 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose.prod.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose.prod.yml
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ services:
 
   database:
     container_name: immich_postgres
-    image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.1.11@sha256:0335a1a22f8c5dd1b697f14f079934f5152eaaa216c09b61e293be285491f8ee
+    image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.2.0
     env_file:
       - .env
     environment:
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ services:
       POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_DATABASE_NAME}
     volumes:
       - ${UPLOAD_LOCATION}/postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data
-    restart: always
+    ports:
+      - 5432:5432
 
 volumes:
   model-cache:
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose.yml b/docker/docker-compose.yml
index a6e6aa26ff..a9d8e2b38c 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose.yml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ services:
 
   database:
     container_name: immich_postgres
-    image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.1.11@sha256:0335a1a22f8c5dd1b697f14f079934f5152eaaa216c09b61e293be285491f8ee
+    image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.2.0
     env_file:
       - .env
     environment:
diff --git a/server/e2e/api/setup.ts b/server/e2e/api/setup.ts
index 7223a1c028..8d44b07cbb 100644
--- a/server/e2e/api/setup.ts
+++ b/server/e2e/api/setup.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { PostgreSqlContainer } from '@testcontainers/postgresql';
 
 export default async () => {
-  const pg = await new PostgreSqlContainer('tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.1.11')
+  const pg = await new PostgreSqlContainer('tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.2.0')
     .withDatabase('immich')
     .withUsername('postgres')
     .withPassword('postgres')
diff --git a/server/e2e/docker-compose.server-e2e.yml b/server/e2e/docker-compose.server-e2e.yml
index c9d656cedb..708ae2ca34 100644
--- a/server/e2e/docker-compose.server-e2e.yml
+++ b/server/e2e/docker-compose.server-e2e.yml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ services:
       - database
 
   database:
-    image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.1.11@sha256:0335a1a22f8c5dd1b697f14f079934f5152eaaa216c09b61e293be285491f8ee
+    image: tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.2.0
     command: -c fsync=off -c shared_preload_libraries=vectors.so
     environment:
       POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
diff --git a/server/e2e/jobs/setup.ts b/server/e2e/jobs/setup.ts
index 601d99cc28..d1f566d372 100644
--- a/server/e2e/jobs/setup.ts
+++ b/server/e2e/jobs/setup.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export default async () => {
 
   if (process.env.DB_HOSTNAME === undefined) {
     // DB hostname not set which likely means we're not running e2e through docker compose. Start a local postgres container.
-    const pg = await new PostgreSqlContainer('tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.1.11')
+    const pg = await new PostgreSqlContainer('tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.2.0')
       .withExposedPorts(5432)
       .withDatabase('immich')
       .withUsername('postgres')
diff --git a/server/src/domain/database/database.service.spec.ts b/server/src/domain/database/database.service.spec.ts
index 7608f61111..703805b065 100644
--- a/server/src/domain/database/database.service.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/domain/database/database.service.spec.ts
@@ -1,41 +1,65 @@
-import { DatabaseExtension, DatabaseService, IDatabaseRepository, Version } from '@app/domain';
+import {
+  DatabaseExtension,
+  DatabaseService,
+  IDatabaseRepository,
+  VectorIndex,
+  Version,
+  VersionType,
+} from '@app/domain';
 import { ImmichLogger } from '@app/infra/logger';
 import { newDatabaseRepositoryMock } from '@test';
 
 describe(DatabaseService.name, () => {
   let sut: DatabaseService;
   let databaseMock: jest.Mocked<IDatabaseRepository>;
-  let fatalLog: jest.SpyInstance;
 
   beforeEach(async () => {
     databaseMock = newDatabaseRepositoryMock();
-    fatalLog = jest.spyOn(ImmichLogger.prototype, 'fatal');
 
     sut = new DatabaseService(databaseMock);
-
-    sut.minVectorsVersion = new Version(0, 1, 1);
-    sut.maxVectorsVersion = new Version(0, 1, 11);
-  });
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    fatalLog.mockRestore();
   });
 
   it('should work', () => {
     expect(sut).toBeDefined();
   });
 
-  describe('init', () => {
-    it('should resolve successfully if minimum supported PostgreSQL and vectors version are installed', async () => {
+  describe.each([
+    [{ vectorExt: DatabaseExtension.VECTORS, extName: 'pgvecto.rs', minVersion: new Version(0, 1, 1) }],
+    [{ vectorExt: DatabaseExtension.VECTOR, extName: 'pgvector', minVersion: new Version(0, 5, 0) }],
+  ] as const)('init', ({ vectorExt, extName, minVersion }) => {
+    let fatalLog: jest.SpyInstance;
+    let errorLog: jest.SpyInstance;
+    let warnLog: jest.SpyInstance;
+
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      fatalLog = jest.spyOn(ImmichLogger.prototype, 'fatal');
+      errorLog = jest.spyOn(ImmichLogger.prototype, 'error');
+      warnLog = jest.spyOn(ImmichLogger.prototype, 'warn');
+      databaseMock.getPreferredVectorExtension.mockReturnValue(vectorExt);
+      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(minVersion);
+
+      sut = new DatabaseService(databaseMock);
+
+      sut.minVectorVersion = minVersion;
+      sut.minVectorsVersion = minVersion;
+      sut.vectorVersionPin = VersionType.MINOR;
+      sut.vectorsVersionPin = VersionType.MINOR;
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      fatalLog.mockRestore();
+      warnLog.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it(`should resolve successfully if minimum supported PostgreSQL and ${extName} version are installed`, async () => {
       databaseMock.getPostgresVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(14, 0, 0));
-      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(0, 1, 1));
 
       await expect(sut.init()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
 
-      expect(databaseMock.getPostgresVersion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
-      expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith(DatabaseExtension.VECTORS);
+      expect(databaseMock.getPostgresVersion).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith(vectorExt);
       expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(databaseMock.getExtensionVersion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(databaseMock.getExtensionVersion).toHaveBeenCalled();
       expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(fatalLog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
@@ -43,112 +67,162 @@ describe(DatabaseService.name, () => {
     it('should throw an error if PostgreSQL version is below minimum supported version', async () => {
       databaseMock.getPostgresVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(13, 0, 0));
 
-      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(/PostgreSQL version is 13/s);
+      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow('PostgreSQL version is 13');
 
       expect(databaseMock.getPostgresVersion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
 
-    it('should resolve successfully if minimum supported vectors version is installed', async () => {
-      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(0, 1, 1));
-
+    it(`should resolve successfully if minimum supported ${extName} version is installed`, async () => {
       await expect(sut.init()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
 
-      expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith(DatabaseExtension.VECTORS);
+      expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith(vectorExt);
       expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(databaseMock.getExtensionVersion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(fatalLog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('should resolve successfully if maximum supported vectors version is installed', async () => {
-      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(0, 1, 11));
+    it(`should throw an error if ${extName} version is not installed even after createVectorExtension`, async () => {
+      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(null);
 
-      await expect(sut.init()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(`Unexpected: ${extName} extension is not installed.`);
 
-      expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith(DatabaseExtension.VECTORS);
-      expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(databaseMock.getExtensionVersion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(fatalLog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    });
-
-    it('should throw an error if vectors version is not installed even after createVectors', async () => {
-      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(null);
-
-      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow('Unexpected: The pgvecto.rs extension is not installed.');
-
-      expect(databaseMock.getExtensionVersion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('should throw an error if vectors version is below minimum supported version', async () => {
-      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(0, 0, 1));
-
-      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(/('tensorchord\/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0.1.11')/s);
-
-      expect(databaseMock.getExtensionVersion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    });
-
-    it('should throw an error if vectors version is above maximum supported version', async () => {
-      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(0, 1, 12));
-
-      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(
-        /('DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS vectors').*('tensorchord\/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0\.1\.11')/s,
+    it(`should throw an error if ${extName} version is below minimum supported version`, async () => {
+      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(
+        new Version(minVersion.major, minVersion.minor - 1, minVersion.patch),
       );
 
-      expect(databaseMock.getExtensionVersion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(extName);
+
       expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('should throw an error if vectors version is a nightly', async () => {
-      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(0, 0, 0));
+    it.each([
+      { type: VersionType.EQUAL, max: 'no', actual: 'patch' },
+      { type: VersionType.PATCH, max: 'patch', actual: 'minor' },
+      { type: VersionType.MINOR, max: 'minor', actual: 'major' },
+    ] as const)(
+      `should throw an error if $max upgrade from min version is allowed and ${extName} version is $actual`,
+      async ({ type, actual }) => {
+        const version = new Version(minVersion.major, minVersion.minor, minVersion.patch);
+        version[actual] = minVersion[actual] + 1;
+        databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(version);
+        if (vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTOR) {
+          sut.minVectorVersion = minVersion;
+          sut.vectorVersionPin = type;
+        } else {
+          sut.minVectorsVersion = minVersion;
+          sut.vectorsVersionPin = type;
+        }
 
-      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(
-        /(nightly).*('DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS vectors').*('tensorchord\/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0\.1\.11')/s,
-      );
+        await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(extName);
+
+        expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      },
+    );
+
+    it(`should throw an error if ${extName} version is a nightly`, async () => {
+      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(new Version(0, 0, 0));
+
+      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(extName);
 
-      expect(databaseMock.getExtensionVersion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('should throw error if vectors extension could not be created', async () => {
-      databaseMock.createExtension.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Failed to create extension'));
+    it(`should throw error if ${extName} extension could not be created`, async () => {
+      databaseMock.createExtension.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Failed to create extension'));
 
       await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow('Failed to create extension');
 
       expect(fatalLog).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(fatalLog.mock.calls[0][0]).toMatch(/('tensorchord\/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0\.1\.11').*(v1\.91\.0)/s);
       expect(databaseMock.createExtension).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it.each([{ major: 14 }, { major: 15 }, { major: 16 }])(
-      `should suggest image with postgres $major if database is $major`,
-      async ({ major }) => {
-        databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(new Version(0, 0, 1));
-        databaseMock.getPostgresVersion.mockResolvedValue(new Version(major, 0, 0));
+    it(`should update ${extName} if a newer version is available`, async () => {
+      const version = new Version(minVersion.major, minVersion.minor + 1, minVersion.patch);
+      databaseMock.getAvailableExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(version);
 
-        await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(new RegExp(`tensorchord\/pgvecto-rs:pg${major}-v0\\.1\\.11`, 's'));
+      await expect(sut.init()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+      expect(databaseMock.updateVectorExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith(vectorExt, version);
+      expect(databaseMock.updateVectorExtension).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(fatalLog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it(`should not update ${extName} if a newer version is higher than the maximum`, async () => {
+      const version = new Version(minVersion.major + 1, minVersion.minor, minVersion.patch);
+      databaseMock.getAvailableExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(version);
+
+      await expect(sut.init()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+      expect(databaseMock.updateVectorExtension).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(fatalLog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it(`should warn if attempted to update ${extName} and failed`, async () => {
+      const version = new Version(minVersion.major, minVersion.minor, minVersion.patch + 1);
+      databaseMock.getAvailableExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(version);
+      databaseMock.updateVectorExtension.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Failed to update extension'));
+
+      await expect(sut.init()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+      expect(warnLog).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(warnLog.mock.calls[0][0]).toContain(extName);
+      expect(errorLog).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(fatalLog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(databaseMock.updateVectorExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith(vectorExt, version);
+      expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it(`should warn if ${extName} update requires restart`, async () => {
+      const version = new Version(minVersion.major, minVersion.minor, minVersion.patch + 1);
+      databaseMock.getAvailableExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(version);
+      databaseMock.updateVectorExtension.mockResolvedValue({ restartRequired: true });
+
+      await expect(sut.init()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+      expect(warnLog).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(warnLog.mock.calls[0][0]).toContain(extName);
+      expect(databaseMock.updateVectorExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith(vectorExt, version);
+      expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(fatalLog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it.each([{ index: VectorIndex.CLIP }, { index: VectorIndex.FACE }])(
+      `should reindex $index if necessary`,
+      async ({ index }) => {
+        databaseMock.shouldReindex.mockImplementation((indexArg) => Promise.resolve(indexArg === index));
+
+        await expect(sut.init()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+        expect(databaseMock.shouldReindex).toHaveBeenCalledWith(index);
+        expect(databaseMock.shouldReindex).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+        expect(databaseMock.reindex).toHaveBeenCalledWith(index);
+        expect(databaseMock.reindex).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(fatalLog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
       },
     );
 
-    it('should not suggest image if postgres version is not in 14, 15 or 16', async () => {
-      databaseMock.getPostgresVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(17, 0, 0));
-      databaseMock.getPostgresVersion.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Version(17, 0, 0));
+    it.each([{ index: VectorIndex.CLIP }, { index: VectorIndex.FACE }])(
+      `should not reindex $index if not necessary`,
+      async () => {
+        databaseMock.shouldReindex.mockResolvedValue(false);
 
-      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(/^(?:(?!tensorchord\/pgvecto-rs).)*$/s);
-    });
+        await expect(sut.init()).resolves.toBeUndefined();
 
-    it('should reject and suggest the maximum supported version when unsupported pgvecto.rs version is in use', async () => {
-      databaseMock.getExtensionVersion.mockResolvedValue(new Version(0, 0, 1));
-
-      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(/('tensorchord\/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0\.1\.11')/s);
-
-      sut.maxVectorsVersion = new Version(0, 1, 12);
-      await expect(sut.init()).rejects.toThrow(/('tensorchord\/pgvecto-rs:pg14-v0\.1\.12')/s);
-    });
+        expect(databaseMock.shouldReindex).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+        expect(databaseMock.reindex).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(databaseMock.runMigrations).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(fatalLog).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      },
+    );
   });
 });
diff --git a/server/src/domain/database/database.service.ts b/server/src/domain/database/database.service.ts
index 5af576a73b..5ea9e1a474 100644
--- a/server/src/domain/database/database.service.ts
+++ b/server/src/domain/database/database.service.ts
@@ -1,74 +1,56 @@
 import { ImmichLogger } from '@app/infra/logger';
 import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { QueryFailedError } from 'typeorm';
-import { Version } from '../domain.constant';
-import { DatabaseExtension, IDatabaseRepository } from '../repositories';
+import { Version, VersionType } from '../domain.constant';
+import {
+  DatabaseExtension,
+  DatabaseLock,
+  IDatabaseRepository,
+  VectorExtension,
+  VectorIndex,
+  extName,
+} from '../repositories';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class DatabaseService {
   private logger = new ImmichLogger(DatabaseService.name);
+  private vectorExt: VectorExtension;
   minPostgresVersion = 14;
-  minVectorsVersion = new Version(0, 1, 1);
-  maxVectorsVersion = new Version(0, 1, 11);
+  minVectorsVersion = new Version(0, 2, 0);
+  vectorsVersionPin = VersionType.MINOR;
+  minVectorVersion = new Version(0, 5, 0);
+  vectorVersionPin = VersionType.MAJOR;
 
-  constructor(@Inject(IDatabaseRepository) private databaseRepository: IDatabaseRepository) {}
+  constructor(@Inject(IDatabaseRepository) private databaseRepository: IDatabaseRepository) {
+    this.vectorExt = this.databaseRepository.getPreferredVectorExtension();
+  }
 
   async init() {
     await this.assertPostgresql();
-    await this.createVectors();
-    await this.assertVectors();
-    await this.databaseRepository.runMigrations();
-  }
+    await this.databaseRepository.withLock(DatabaseLock.Migrations, async () => {
+      await this.createVectorExtension();
+      await this.updateVectorExtension();
+      await this.assertVectorExtension();
 
-  private async assertVectors() {
-    const version = await this.databaseRepository.getExtensionVersion(DatabaseExtension.VECTORS);
-    if (version == null) {
-      throw new Error('Unexpected: The pgvecto.rs extension is not installed.');
-    }
+      try {
+        if (await this.databaseRepository.shouldReindex(VectorIndex.CLIP)) {
+          await this.databaseRepository.reindex(VectorIndex.CLIP);
+        }
 
-    const image = await this.getVectorsImage();
-    const suggestion = image ? `, such as with the docker image '${image}'` : '';
+        if (await this.databaseRepository.shouldReindex(VectorIndex.FACE)) {
+          await this.databaseRepository.reindex(VectorIndex.FACE);
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger.warn(
+          'Could not run vector reindexing checks. If the extension was updated, please restart the Postgres instance.',
+        );
+        throw error;
+      }
 
-    if (version.isEqual(new Version(0, 0, 0))) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `The pgvecto.rs extension version is ${version}, which means it is a nightly release.` +
-          `Please run 'DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS vectors' and switch to a release version${suggestion}.`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    if (version.isNewerThan(this.maxVectorsVersion)) {
-      throw new Error(`
-        The pgvecto.rs extension version is ${version} instead of ${this.maxVectorsVersion}.
-        Please run 'DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS vectors' and switch to ${this.maxVectorsVersion}${suggestion}.`);
-    }
-
-    if (version.isOlderThan(this.minVectorsVersion)) {
-      throw new Error(`
-        The pgvecto.rs extension version is ${version}, which is older than the minimum supported version ${this.minVectorsVersion}.
-        Please upgrade to this version or later${suggestion}.`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  private async createVectors() {
-    await this.databaseRepository.createExtension(DatabaseExtension.VECTORS).catch(async (error: QueryFailedError) => {
-      const image = await this.getVectorsImage();
-      this.logger.fatal(`
-        Failed to create pgvecto.rs extension.
-        If you have not updated your Postgres instance to a docker image that supports pgvecto.rs (such as '${image}'), please do so.
-        See the v1.91.0 release notes for more info: https://github.com/immich-app/immich/releases/tag/v1.91.0'
-      `);
-      throw error;
+      await this.databaseRepository.runMigrations();
     });
   }
 
-  private async getVectorsImage() {
-    const { major } = await this.databaseRepository.getPostgresVersion();
-    if (![14, 15, 16].includes(major)) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    return `tensorchord/pgvecto-rs:pg${major}-v${this.maxVectorsVersion}`;
-  }
-
   private async assertPostgresql() {
     const { major } = await this.databaseRepository.getPostgresVersion();
     if (major < this.minPostgresVersion) {
@@ -77,4 +59,99 @@ export class DatabaseService {
         Please upgrade to this version or later.`);
     }
   }
+
+  private async createVectorExtension() {
+    await this.databaseRepository.createExtension(this.vectorExt).catch(async (error: QueryFailedError) => {
+      const otherExt =
+        this.vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTORS ? DatabaseExtension.VECTOR : DatabaseExtension.VECTORS;
+      this.logger.fatal(`
+        Failed to activate ${extName[this.vectorExt]} extension.
+        Please ensure the Postgres instance has ${extName[this.vectorExt]} installed.
+
+        If the Postgres instance already has ${extName[this.vectorExt]} installed, Immich may not have the necessary permissions to activate it.
+        In this case, please run 'CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS ${this.vectorExt}' manually as a superuser.
+        See https://immich.app/docs/guides/database-queries for how to query the database.
+
+        Alternatively, if your Postgres instance has ${extName[otherExt]}, you may use this instead by setting the environment variable 'VECTOR_EXTENSION=${otherExt}'.
+        Note that switching between the two extensions after a successful startup is not supported.
+        The exception is if your version of Immich prior to upgrading was 1.90.2 or earlier.
+        In this case, you may set either extension now, but you will not be able to switch to the other extension following a successful startup.
+      `);
+      throw error;
+    });
+  }
+
+  private async updateVectorExtension() {
+    const [version, availableVersion] = await Promise.all([
+      this.databaseRepository.getExtensionVersion(this.vectorExt),
+      this.databaseRepository.getAvailableExtensionVersion(this.vectorExt),
+    ]);
+    if (version == null) {
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected: ${extName[this.vectorExt]} extension is not installed.`);
+    }
+
+    if (availableVersion == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const maxVersion = this.vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTOR ? this.vectorVersionPin : this.vectorsVersionPin;
+    const isNewer = availableVersion.isNewerThan(version);
+    if (isNewer == null || isNewer > maxVersion) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      this.logger.log(`Updating ${extName[this.vectorExt]} extension to ${availableVersion}`);
+      const { restartRequired } = await this.databaseRepository.updateVectorExtension(this.vectorExt, availableVersion);
+      if (restartRequired) {
+        this.logger.warn(`
+          The ${extName[this.vectorExt]} extension has been updated to ${availableVersion}.
+          Please restart the Postgres instance to complete the update.`);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.warn(`
+        The ${extName[this.vectorExt]} extension version is ${version}, but ${availableVersion} is available.
+        Immich attempted to update the extension, but failed to do so.
+        This may be because Immich does not have the necessary permissions to update the extension.
+
+        Please run 'ALTER EXTENSION ${this.vectorExt} UPDATE' manually as a superuser.
+        See https://immich.app/docs/guides/database-queries for how to query the database.`);
+      this.logger.error(error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async assertVectorExtension() {
+    const version = await this.databaseRepository.getExtensionVersion(this.vectorExt);
+    if (version == null) {
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected: The ${extName[this.vectorExt]} extension is not installed.`);
+    }
+
+    if (version.isEqual(new Version(0, 0, 0))) {
+      throw new Error(`
+        The ${extName[this.vectorExt]} extension version is ${version}, which means it is a nightly release.
+
+        Please run 'DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS ${this.vectorExt}' and switch to a release version.
+        See https://immich.app/docs/guides/database-queries for how to query the database.`);
+    }
+
+    const minVersion = this.vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTOR ? this.minVectorVersion : this.minVectorsVersion;
+    const maxVersion = this.vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTOR ? this.vectorVersionPin : this.vectorsVersionPin;
+
+    if (version.isOlderThan(minVersion) || version.isNewerThan(minVersion) > maxVersion) {
+      const allowedReleaseType = maxVersion === VersionType.MAJOR ? '' : ` ${VersionType[maxVersion].toLowerCase()}`;
+      const releases =
+        maxVersion === VersionType.EQUAL
+          ? minVersion.toString()
+          : `${minVersion} and later${allowedReleaseType} releases`;
+
+      throw new Error(`
+        The ${extName[this.vectorExt]} extension version is ${version}, but Immich only supports ${releases}.
+
+        If the Postgres instance already has a compatible version installed, Immich may not have the necessary permissions to activate it.
+        In this case, please run 'ALTER EXTENSION UPDATE ${this.vectorExt}' manually as a superuser.
+        See https://immich.app/docs/guides/database-queries for how to query the database.
+
+        Otherwise, please update the version of ${extName[this.vectorExt]} in the Postgres instance to a compatible version.`);
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/domain/domain.config.ts b/server/src/domain/domain.config.ts
index 3a106bad2b..ed1283ec2f 100644
--- a/server/src/domain/domain.config.ts
+++ b/server/src/domain/domain.config.ts
@@ -24,5 +24,6 @@ export const immichAppConfig: ConfigModuleOptions = {
     MACHINE_LEARNING_PORT: Joi.number().optional(),
     MICROSERVICES_PORT: Joi.number().optional(),
     SERVER_PORT: Joi.number().optional(),
+    VECTOR_EXTENSION: Joi.string().optional().valid('pgvector', 'pgvecto.rs').default('pgvecto.rs'),
   }),
 };
diff --git a/server/src/domain/domain.constant.spec.ts b/server/src/domain/domain.constant.spec.ts
index 4ec4b1124c..154128a1c2 100644
--- a/server/src/domain/domain.constant.spec.ts
+++ b/server/src/domain/domain.constant.spec.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Version, mimeTypes } from './domain.constant';
+import { Version, VersionType, mimeTypes } from './domain.constant';
 
 describe('mimeTypes', () => {
   for (const { mimetype, extension } of [
@@ -196,45 +196,37 @@ describe('mimeTypes', () => {
   });
 });
 
-describe('ServerVersion', () => {
+describe('Version', () => {
   const tests = [
-    { this: new Version(0, 0, 1), other: new Version(0, 0, 0), expected: 1 },
-    { this: new Version(0, 1, 0), other: new Version(0, 0, 0), expected: 1 },
-    { this: new Version(1, 0, 0), other: new Version(0, 0, 0), expected: 1 },
-    { this: new Version(0, 0, 0), other: new Version(0, 0, 1), expected: -1 },
-    { this: new Version(0, 0, 0), other: new Version(0, 1, 0), expected: -1 },
-    { this: new Version(0, 0, 0), other: new Version(1, 0, 0), expected: -1 },
-    { this: new Version(0, 0, 0), other: new Version(0, 0, 0), expected: 0 },
-    { this: new Version(0, 0, 1), other: new Version(0, 0, 1), expected: 0 },
-    { this: new Version(0, 1, 0), other: new Version(0, 1, 0), expected: 0 },
-    { this: new Version(1, 0, 0), other: new Version(1, 0, 0), expected: 0 },
-    { this: new Version(1, 0), other: new Version(1, 0, 0), expected: 0 },
-    { this: new Version(1, 0), other: new Version(1, 0, 1), expected: -1 },
-    { this: new Version(1, 1), other: new Version(1, 0, 1), expected: 1 },
-    { this: new Version(1), other: new Version(1, 0, 0), expected: 0 },
-    { this: new Version(1), other: new Version(1, 0, 1), expected: -1 },
+    { this: new Version(0, 0, 1), other: new Version(0, 0, 0), compare: 1, type: VersionType.PATCH },
+    { this: new Version(0, 1, 0), other: new Version(0, 0, 0), compare: 1, type: VersionType.MINOR },
+    { this: new Version(1, 0, 0), other: new Version(0, 0, 0), compare: 1, type: VersionType.MAJOR },
+    { this: new Version(0, 0, 0), other: new Version(0, 0, 1), compare: -1, type: VersionType.PATCH },
+    { this: new Version(0, 0, 0), other: new Version(0, 1, 0), compare: -1, type: VersionType.MINOR },
+    { this: new Version(0, 0, 0), other: new Version(1, 0, 0), compare: -1, type: VersionType.MAJOR },
+    { this: new Version(0, 0, 0), other: new Version(0, 0, 0), compare: 0, type: VersionType.EQUAL },
+    { this: new Version(0, 0, 1), other: new Version(0, 0, 1), compare: 0, type: VersionType.EQUAL },
+    { this: new Version(0, 1, 0), other: new Version(0, 1, 0), compare: 0, type: VersionType.EQUAL },
+    { this: new Version(1, 0, 0), other: new Version(1, 0, 0), compare: 0, type: VersionType.EQUAL },
+    { this: new Version(1, 0), other: new Version(1, 0, 0), compare: 0, type: VersionType.EQUAL },
+    { this: new Version(1, 0), other: new Version(1, 0, 1), compare: -1, type: VersionType.PATCH },
+    { this: new Version(1, 1), other: new Version(1, 0, 1), compare: 1, type: VersionType.MINOR },
+    { this: new Version(1), other: new Version(1, 0, 0), compare: 0, type: VersionType.EQUAL },
+    { this: new Version(1), other: new Version(1, 0, 1), compare: -1, type: VersionType.PATCH },
   ];
 
-  describe('compare', () => {
-    for (const { this: thisVersion, other: otherVersion, expected } of tests) {
-      it(`should return ${expected} when comparing ${thisVersion} to ${otherVersion}`, () => {
-        expect(thisVersion.compare(otherVersion)).toEqual(expected);
-      });
-    }
-  });
-
   describe('isOlderThan', () => {
-    for (const { this: thisVersion, other: otherVersion, expected } of tests) {
-      const bool = expected < 0;
-      it(`should return ${bool} when comparing ${thisVersion} to ${otherVersion}`, () => {
-        expect(thisVersion.isOlderThan(otherVersion)).toEqual(bool);
+    for (const { this: thisVersion, other: otherVersion, compare, type } of tests) {
+      const expected = compare < 0 ? type : VersionType.EQUAL;
+      it(`should return '${expected}' when comparing ${thisVersion} to ${otherVersion}`, () => {
+        expect(thisVersion.isOlderThan(otherVersion)).toEqual(expected);
       });
     }
   });
 
   describe('isEqual', () => {
-    for (const { this: thisVersion, other: otherVersion, expected } of tests) {
-      const bool = expected === 0;
+    for (const { this: thisVersion, other: otherVersion, compare } of tests) {
+      const bool = compare === 0;
       it(`should return ${bool} when comparing ${thisVersion} to ${otherVersion}`, () => {
         expect(thisVersion.isEqual(otherVersion)).toEqual(bool);
       });
@@ -242,10 +234,10 @@ describe('ServerVersion', () => {
   });
 
   describe('isNewerThan', () => {
-    for (const { this: thisVersion, other: otherVersion, expected } of tests) {
-      const bool = expected > 0;
-      it(`should return ${bool} when comparing ${thisVersion} to ${otherVersion}`, () => {
-        expect(thisVersion.isNewerThan(otherVersion)).toEqual(bool);
+    for (const { this: thisVersion, other: otherVersion, compare, type } of tests) {
+      const expected = compare > 0 ? type : VersionType.EQUAL;
+      it(`should return ${expected} when comparing ${thisVersion} to ${otherVersion}`, () => {
+        expect(thisVersion.isNewerThan(otherVersion)).toEqual(expected);
       });
     }
   });
diff --git a/server/src/domain/domain.constant.ts b/server/src/domain/domain.constant.ts
index 227595e04f..4e7c4d5524 100644
--- a/server/src/domain/domain.constant.ts
+++ b/server/src/domain/domain.constant.ts
@@ -12,11 +12,20 @@ export interface IVersion {
   patch: number;
 }
 
+export enum VersionType {
+  EQUAL = 0,
+  PATCH = 1,
+  MINOR = 2,
+  MAJOR = 3,
+}
+
 export class Version implements IVersion {
+  public readonly types = ['major', 'minor', 'patch'] as const;
+
   constructor(
-    public readonly major: number,
-    public readonly minor: number = 0,
-    public readonly patch: number = 0,
+    public major: number,
+    public minor: number = 0,
+    public patch: number = 0,
   ) {}
 
   toString() {
@@ -39,27 +48,30 @@ export class Version implements IVersion {
     }
   }
 
-  compare(version: Version): number {
-    for (const key of ['major', 'minor', 'patch'] as const) {
+  private compare(version: Version): [number, VersionType] {
+    for (const [i, key] of this.types.entries()) {
       const diff = this[key] - version[key];
       if (diff !== 0) {
-        return diff > 0 ? 1 : -1;
+        return [diff > 0 ? 1 : -1, (VersionType.MAJOR - i) as VersionType];
       }
     }
 
-    return 0;
+    return [0, VersionType.EQUAL];
   }
 
-  isOlderThan(version: Version): boolean {
-    return this.compare(version) < 0;
+  isOlderThan(version: Version): VersionType {
+    const [bool, type] = this.compare(version);
+    return bool < 0 ? type : VersionType.EQUAL;
   }
 
   isEqual(version: Version): boolean {
-    return this.compare(version) === 0;
+    const [bool] = this.compare(version);
+    return bool === 0;
   }
 
-  isNewerThan(version: Version): boolean {
-    return this.compare(version) > 0;
+  isNewerThan(version: Version): VersionType {
+    const [bool, type] = this.compare(version);
+    return bool > 0 ? type : VersionType.EQUAL;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/server/src/domain/repositories/database.repository.ts b/server/src/domain/repositories/database.repository.ts
index 07d0afca6b..d32939fe61 100644
--- a/server/src/domain/repositories/database.repository.ts
+++ b/server/src/domain/repositories/database.repository.ts
@@ -3,21 +3,47 @@ import { Version } from '../domain.constant';
 export enum DatabaseExtension {
   CUBE = 'cube',
   EARTH_DISTANCE = 'earthdistance',
+  VECTOR = 'vector',
   VECTORS = 'vectors',
 }
 
+export type VectorExtension = DatabaseExtension.VECTOR | DatabaseExtension.VECTORS;
+
+export enum VectorIndex {
+  CLIP = 'clip_index',
+  FACE = 'face_index',
+}
+
 export enum DatabaseLock {
   GeodataImport = 100,
+  Migrations = 200,
   StorageTemplateMigration = 420,
   CLIPDimSize = 512,
 }
 
+export const extName: Record<DatabaseExtension, string> = {
+  cube: 'cube',
+  earthdistance: 'earthdistance',
+  vector: 'pgvector',
+  vectors: 'pgvecto.rs',
+} as const;
+
+export interface VectorUpdateResult {
+  restartRequired: boolean;
+}
+
 export const IDatabaseRepository = 'IDatabaseRepository';
 
 export interface IDatabaseRepository {
   getExtensionVersion(extensionName: string): Promise<Version | null>;
+  getAvailableExtensionVersion(extension: DatabaseExtension): Promise<Version | null>;
+  getPreferredVectorExtension(): VectorExtension;
   getPostgresVersion(): Promise<Version>;
   createExtension(extension: DatabaseExtension): Promise<void>;
+  updateExtension(extension: DatabaseExtension, version?: Version): Promise<void>;
+  updateVectorExtension(extension: VectorExtension, version?: Version): Promise<VectorUpdateResult>;
+  reindex(index: VectorIndex): Promise<void>;
+  shouldReindex(name: VectorIndex): Promise<boolean>;
   runMigrations(options?: { transaction?: 'all' | 'none' | 'each' }): Promise<void>;
   withLock<R>(lock: DatabaseLock, callback: () => Promise<R>): Promise<R>;
   isBusy(lock: DatabaseLock): boolean;
diff --git a/server/src/domain/repositories/smart-info.repository.ts b/server/src/domain/repositories/smart-info.repository.ts
index 7b82e9d744..acb907bc8f 100644
--- a/server/src/domain/repositories/smart-info.repository.ts
+++ b/server/src/domain/repositories/smart-info.repository.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ export type Embedding = number[];
 export interface EmbeddingSearch {
   userIds: string[];
   embedding: Embedding;
-  numResults?: number;
+  numResults: number;
   withArchived?: boolean;
 }
 
diff --git a/server/src/infra/database.config.ts b/server/src/infra/database.config.ts
index 9e6cccd198..93926e51cf 100644
--- a/server/src/infra/database.config.ts
+++ b/server/src/infra/database.config.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { DatabaseExtension } from '@app/domain/repositories/database.repository';
 import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';
 import { PostgresConnectionOptions } from 'typeorm/driver/postgres/PostgresConnectionOptions.js';
 
@@ -27,3 +28,6 @@ export const databaseConfig: PostgresConnectionOptions = {
 
 // this export is used by TypeORM commands in package.json#scripts
 export const dataSource = new DataSource(databaseConfig);
+
+export const vectorExt =
+  process.env.VECTOR_EXTENSION === 'pgvector' ? DatabaseExtension.VECTOR : DatabaseExtension.VECTORS;
diff --git a/server/src/infra/logger.ts b/server/src/infra/logger.ts
index 183ffb492f..8de149c409 100644
--- a/server/src/infra/logger.ts
+++ b/server/src/infra/logger.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { LogLevel } from './entities';
 const LOG_LEVELS = [LogLevel.VERBOSE, LogLevel.DEBUG, LogLevel.LOG, LogLevel.WARN, LogLevel.ERROR, LogLevel.FATAL];
 
 export class ImmichLogger extends ConsoleLogger {
-  private static logLevels: LogLevel[] = [LogLevel.WARN, LogLevel.ERROR, LogLevel.FATAL];
+  private static logLevels: LogLevel[] = [LogLevel.LOG, LogLevel.WARN, LogLevel.ERROR, LogLevel.FATAL];
 
   constructor(context: string) {
     super(context);
diff --git a/server/src/infra/migrations/1700713871511-UsePgVectors.ts b/server/src/infra/migrations/1700713871511-UsePgVectors.ts
index a952f1646d..008d5eadc8 100644
--- a/server/src/infra/migrations/1700713871511-UsePgVectors.ts
+++ b/server/src/infra/migrations/1700713871511-UsePgVectors.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import { getCLIPModelInfo } from '@app/domain/smart-info/smart-info.constant';
 import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+import { vectorExt } from '@app/infra/database.config';
 
 export class UsePgVectors1700713871511 implements MigrationInterface {
   name = 'UsePgVectors1700713871511';
 
   public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
-    await queryRunner.query(`CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vectors`);
+    await queryRunner.query(`SET search_path TO "$user", public, vectors`);
+    await queryRunner.query(`CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS ${vectorExt}`);
     const faceDimQuery = await queryRunner.query(`
         SELECT CARDINALITY(embedding::real[]) as dimsize
         FROM asset_faces
diff --git a/server/src/infra/migrations/1700713994428-AddCLIPEmbeddingIndex.ts b/server/src/infra/migrations/1700713994428-AddCLIPEmbeddingIndex.ts
index 7a1a1144d6..c3716cc191 100644
--- a/server/src/infra/migrations/1700713994428-AddCLIPEmbeddingIndex.ts
+++ b/server/src/infra/migrations/1700713994428-AddCLIPEmbeddingIndex.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+import { vectorExt } from '../database.config';
+import { DatabaseExtension } from '@app/domain/repositories/database.repository';
 
 export class AddCLIPEmbeddingIndex1700713994428 implements MigrationInterface {
   name = 'AddCLIPEmbeddingIndex1700713994428';
 
   public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    if (vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTORS) {
+      await queryRunner.query(`SET vectors.pgvector_compatibility=on`);
+    }
+    await queryRunner.query(`SET search_path TO "$user", public, vectors`);
+
     await queryRunner.query(`
       CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS clip_index ON smart_search
-      USING vectors (embedding cosine_ops) WITH (options = $$
-      [indexing.hnsw]
-      m = 16
-      ef_construction = 300
-      $$);`);
+      USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops)
+      WITH (ef_construction = 300, m = 16)`);
   }
 
   public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/server/src/infra/migrations/1700714033632-AddFaceEmbeddingIndex.ts b/server/src/infra/migrations/1700714033632-AddFaceEmbeddingIndex.ts
index 0ac7b0cd4c..066303530a 100644
--- a/server/src/infra/migrations/1700714033632-AddFaceEmbeddingIndex.ts
+++ b/server/src/infra/migrations/1700714033632-AddFaceEmbeddingIndex.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+import { vectorExt } from '../database.config';
+import { DatabaseExtension } from '@app/domain/repositories/database.repository';
 
 export class AddFaceEmbeddingIndex1700714033632 implements MigrationInterface {
   name = 'AddFaceEmbeddingIndex1700714033632';
 
   public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    if (vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTORS) {
+      await queryRunner.query(`SET vectors.pgvector_compatibility=on`);
+    }
+    await queryRunner.query(`SET search_path TO "$user", public, vectors`);
+
     await queryRunner.query(`
       CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS face_index ON asset_faces
-      USING vectors (embedding cosine_ops) WITH (options = $$
-      [indexing.hnsw]
-      m = 16
-      ef_construction = 300
-      $$);`);
+      USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops)
+      WITH (ef_construction = 300, m = 16)`);
   }
 
   public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/server/src/infra/migrations/1707000751533-AddVectorsToSearchPath.ts b/server/src/infra/migrations/1707000751533-AddVectorsToSearchPath.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e83e4b4fb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/infra/migrations/1707000751533-AddVectorsToSearchPath.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+
+export class AddVectorsToSearchPath1707000751533 implements MigrationInterface {
+  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    const res = await queryRunner.query(`SELECT current_database() as db`);
+    const databaseName = res[0]['db'];
+    await queryRunner.query(`ALTER DATABASE ${databaseName} SET search_path TO "$user", public, vectors`);
+  }
+
+  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    const databaseName = await queryRunner.query(`SELECT current_database()`);
+    await queryRunner.query(`ALTER DATABASE ${databaseName} SET search_path TO "$user", public`);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/infra/repositories/database.repository.ts b/server/src/infra/repositories/database.repository.ts
index af595057e2..b0e4623af5 100644
--- a/server/src/infra/repositories/database.repository.ts
+++ b/server/src/infra/repositories/database.repository.ts
@@ -1,21 +1,60 @@
-import { DatabaseExtension, DatabaseLock, IDatabaseRepository, Version } from '@app/domain';
+import {
+  DatabaseExtension,
+  DatabaseLock,
+  IDatabaseRepository,
+  VectorExtension,
+  VectorIndex,
+  VectorUpdateResult,
+  Version,
+  VersionType,
+  extName,
+} from '@app/domain';
+import { vectorExt } from '@app/infra/database.config';
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { InjectDataSource } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
 import AsyncLock from 'async-lock';
-import { DataSource, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+import { DataSource, EntityManager, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+import { isValidInteger } from '../infra.utils';
+import { ImmichLogger } from '../logger';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class DatabaseRepository implements IDatabaseRepository {
+  private logger = new ImmichLogger(DatabaseRepository.name);
   readonly asyncLock = new AsyncLock();
 
   constructor(@InjectDataSource() private dataSource: DataSource) {}
 
   async getExtensionVersion(extension: DatabaseExtension): Promise<Version | null> {
     const res = await this.dataSource.query(`SELECT extversion FROM pg_extension WHERE extname = $1`, [extension]);
-    const version = res[0]?.['extversion'];
+    const extVersion = res[0]?.['extversion'];
+    if (extVersion == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const version = Version.fromString(extVersion);
+    if (version.isEqual(new Version(0, 1, 1))) {
+      return new Version(0, 1, 11);
+    }
+
+    return version;
+  }
+
+  async getAvailableExtensionVersion(extension: DatabaseExtension): Promise<Version | null> {
+    const res = await this.dataSource.query(
+      `
+    SELECT version FROM pg_available_extension_versions
+    WHERE name = $1 AND installed = false
+    ORDER BY version DESC`,
+      [extension],
+    );
+    const version = res[0]?.['version'];
     return version == null ? null : Version.fromString(version);
   }
 
+  getPreferredVectorExtension(): VectorExtension {
+    return vectorExt;
+  }
+
   async getPostgresVersion(): Promise<Version> {
     const res = await this.dataSource.query(`SHOW server_version`);
     return Version.fromString(res[0]['server_version']);
@@ -25,6 +64,129 @@ export class DatabaseRepository implements IDatabaseRepository {
     await this.dataSource.query(`CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS ${extension}`);
   }
 
+  async updateExtension(extension: DatabaseExtension, version?: Version): Promise<void> {
+    await this.dataSource.query(`ALTER EXTENSION ${extension} UPDATE${version ? ` TO '${version}'` : ''}`);
+  }
+
+  async updateVectorExtension(extension: VectorExtension, version?: Version): Promise<VectorUpdateResult> {
+    const curVersion = await this.getExtensionVersion(extension);
+    if (!curVersion) {
+      throw new Error(`${extName[extension]} extension is not installed`);
+    }
+
+    const minorOrMajor = version && curVersion.isOlderThan(version) >= VersionType.MINOR;
+    const isVectors = extension === DatabaseExtension.VECTORS;
+    let restartRequired = false;
+    await this.dataSource.manager.transaction(async (manager) => {
+      await this.setSearchPath(manager);
+      if (minorOrMajor && isVectors) {
+        await this.updateVectorsSchema(manager, curVersion);
+      }
+
+      await manager.query(`ALTER EXTENSION ${extension} UPDATE${version ? ` TO '${version}'` : ''}`);
+
+      if (!minorOrMajor) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (isVectors) {
+        await manager.query('SELECT pgvectors_upgrade()');
+        restartRequired = true;
+      } else {
+        await this.reindex(VectorIndex.CLIP);
+        await this.reindex(VectorIndex.FACE);
+      }
+    });
+
+    return { restartRequired };
+  }
+
+  async reindex(index: VectorIndex): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      await this.dataSource.query(`REINDEX INDEX ${index}`);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTORS) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Could not reindex index ${index}. Attempting to auto-fix.`);
+        const table = index === VectorIndex.CLIP ? 'smart_search' : 'asset_faces';
+        const dimSize = await this.getDimSize(table);
+        await this.dataSource.manager.transaction(async (manager) => {
+          await this.setSearchPath(manager);
+          await manager.query(`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS ${index}`);
+          await manager.query(`ALTER TABLE ${table} ALTER COLUMN embedding SET DATA TYPE real[]`);
+          await manager.query(`ALTER TABLE ${table} ALTER COLUMN embedding SET DATA TYPE vector(${dimSize})`);
+          await manager.query(`SET vectors.pgvector_compatibility=on`);
+          await manager.query(`
+            CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ${index} ON ${table}
+            USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops)
+            WITH (ef_construction = 300, m = 16)`);
+        });
+      } else {
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  async shouldReindex(name: VectorIndex): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (vectorExt !== DatabaseExtension.VECTORS) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const res = await this.dataSource.query(
+        `
+          SELECT idx_status
+          FROM pg_vector_index_stat
+          WHERE indexname = $1`,
+        [name],
+      );
+      return res[0]?.['idx_status'] === 'UPGRADE';
+    } catch (error) {
+      const message: string = (error as any).message;
+      if (message.includes('index is not existing')) {
+        return true;
+      } else if (message.includes('relation "pg_vector_index_stat" does not exist')) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async setSearchPath(manager: EntityManager): Promise<void> {
+    await manager.query(`SET search_path TO "$user", public, vectors`);
+  }
+
+  private async updateVectorsSchema(manager: EntityManager, curVersion: Version): Promise<void> {
+    await manager.query('CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS vectors');
+    await manager.query(`UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_extension SET extversion = $1 WHERE extname = $2`, [
+      curVersion.toString(),
+      DatabaseExtension.VECTORS,
+    ]);
+    await manager.query('UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_extension SET extrelocatable = true WHERE extname = $1', [
+      DatabaseExtension.VECTORS,
+    ]);
+    await manager.query('ALTER EXTENSION vectors SET SCHEMA vectors');
+    await manager.query('UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_extension SET extrelocatable = false WHERE extname = $1', [
+      DatabaseExtension.VECTORS,
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  private async getDimSize(table: string, column = 'embedding'): Promise<number> {
+    const res = await this.dataSource.query(`
+      SELECT atttypmod as dimsize
+      FROM pg_attribute f
+        JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid
+      WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char
+        AND f.attnum > 0
+        AND c.relname = '${table}'
+        AND f.attname = '${column}'`);
+
+    const dimSize = res[0]['dimsize'];
+    if (!isValidInteger(dimSize, { min: 1, max: 2 ** 16 })) {
+      throw new Error(`Could not retrieve dimension size`);
+    }
+    return dimSize;
+  }
+
   async runMigrations(options?: { transaction?: 'all' | 'none' | 'each' }): Promise<void> {
     await this.dataSource.runMigrations(options);
   }
diff --git a/server/src/infra/repositories/smart-info.repository.ts b/server/src/infra/repositories/smart-info.repository.ts
index ab43ff6f91..f74fd4232d 100644
--- a/server/src/infra/repositories/smart-info.repository.ts
+++ b/server/src/infra/repositories/smart-info.repository.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
-import { Embedding, EmbeddingSearch, FaceEmbeddingSearch, FaceSearchResult, ISmartInfoRepository } from '@app/domain';
+import {
+  DatabaseExtension,
+  Embedding,
+  EmbeddingSearch,
+  FaceEmbeddingSearch,
+  FaceSearchResult,
+  ISmartInfoRepository,
+} from '@app/domain';
 import { getCLIPModelInfo } from '@app/domain/smart-info/smart-info.constant';
 import { AssetEntity, AssetFaceEntity, SmartInfoEntity, SmartSearchEntity } from '@app/infra/entities';
 import { ImmichLogger } from '@app/infra/logger';
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
 import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
+import { vectorExt } from '../database.config';
 import { DummyValue, GenerateSql } from '../infra.util';
 import { asVector, isValidInteger } from '../infra.utils';
 
@@ -44,16 +52,20 @@ export class SmartInfoRepository implements ISmartInfoRepository {
     params: [{ userIds: [DummyValue.UUID], embedding: Array.from({ length: 512 }, Math.random), numResults: 100 }],
   })
   async searchCLIP({ userIds, embedding, numResults, withArchived }: EmbeddingSearch): Promise<AssetEntity[]> {
+    if (!isValidInteger(numResults, { min: 1 })) {
+      throw new Error(`Invalid value for 'numResults': ${numResults}`);
+    }
+
+    // setting this too low messes with prefilter recall
+    numResults = Math.max(numResults, 64);
+
     let results: AssetEntity[] = [];
     await this.assetRepository.manager.transaction(async (manager) => {
-      await manager.query(`SET LOCAL vectors.enable_prefilter = on`);
-
-      let query = manager
+      const query = manager
         .createQueryBuilder(AssetEntity, 'a')
         .innerJoin('a.smartSearch', 's')
         .leftJoinAndSelect('a.exifInfo', 'e')
         .where('a.ownerId IN (:...userIds )')
-
         .orderBy('s.embedding <=> :embedding')
         .setParameters({ userIds, embedding: asVector(embedding) });
 
@@ -61,15 +73,9 @@ export class SmartInfoRepository implements ISmartInfoRepository {
         query.andWhere('a.isArchived = false');
       }
       query.andWhere('a.isVisible = true').andWhere('a.fileCreatedAt < NOW()');
+      query.limit(numResults);
 
-      if (numResults) {
-        if (!isValidInteger(numResults, { min: 1 })) {
-          throw new Error(`Invalid value for 'numResults': ${numResults}`);
-        }
-        query = query.limit(numResults);
-        await manager.query(`SET LOCAL vectors.k = '${numResults}'`);
-      }
-
+      await manager.query(this.getRuntimeConfig(numResults));
       results = await query.getMany();
     });
 
@@ -93,36 +99,34 @@ export class SmartInfoRepository implements ISmartInfoRepository {
     maxDistance,
     hasPerson,
   }: FaceEmbeddingSearch): Promise<FaceSearchResult[]> {
+    if (!isValidInteger(numResults, { min: 1 })) {
+      throw new Error(`Invalid value for 'numResults': ${numResults}`);
+    }
+
+    // setting this too low messes with prefilter recall
+    numResults = Math.max(numResults, 64);
+
     let results: Array<AssetFaceEntity & { distance: number }> = [];
     await this.assetRepository.manager.transaction(async (manager) => {
-      await manager.query(`SET LOCAL vectors.enable_prefilter = on`);
-      let cte = manager
+      const cte = manager
         .createQueryBuilder(AssetFaceEntity, 'faces')
-        .select('1 + (faces.embedding <=> :embedding)', 'distance')
+        .select('faces.embedding <=> :embedding', 'distance')
         .innerJoin('faces.asset', 'asset')
         .where('asset.ownerId IN (:...userIds )')
-        .orderBy('1 + (faces.embedding <=> :embedding)')
+        .orderBy('faces.embedding <=> :embedding')
         .setParameters({ userIds, embedding: asVector(embedding) });
 
-      if (numResults) {
-        if (!isValidInteger(numResults, { min: 1 })) {
-          throw new Error(`Invalid value for 'numResults': ${numResults}`);
-        }
-        cte = cte.limit(numResults);
-        if (numResults > 64) {
-          // setting k too low messes with prefilter recall
-          await manager.query(`SET LOCAL vectors.k = '${numResults}'`);
-        }
-      }
+      cte.limit(numResults);
 
       if (hasPerson) {
-        cte = cte.andWhere('faces."personId" IS NOT NULL');
+        cte.andWhere('faces."personId" IS NOT NULL');
       }
 
       for (const col of this.faceColumns) {
         cte.addSelect(`faces.${col}`, col);
       }
 
+      await manager.query(this.getRuntimeConfig(numResults));
       results = await manager
         .createQueryBuilder()
         .select('res.*')
@@ -167,6 +171,9 @@ export class SmartInfoRepository implements ISmartInfoRepository {
     this.logger.log(`Updating database CLIP dimension size to ${dimSize}.`);
 
     await this.smartSearchRepository.manager.transaction(async (manager) => {
+      if (vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTORS) {
+        await manager.query(`SET vectors.pgvector_compatibility=on`);
+      }
       await manager.query(`DROP TABLE smart_search`);
 
       await manager.query(`
@@ -175,12 +182,9 @@ export class SmartInfoRepository implements ISmartInfoRepository {
           embedding  vector(${dimSize}) NOT NULL )`);
 
       await manager.query(`
-        CREATE INDEX clip_index ON smart_search
-          USING vectors (embedding cosine_ops) WITH (options = $$
-          [indexing.hnsw]
-          m = 16
-          ef_construction = 300
-          $$)`);
+        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS clip_index ON smart_search
+        USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops)
+        WITH (ef_construction = 300, m = 16)`);
     });
 
     this.logger.log(`Successfully updated database CLIP dimension size from ${currentDimSize} to ${dimSize}.`);
@@ -202,4 +206,17 @@ export class SmartInfoRepository implements ISmartInfoRepository {
     }
     return dimSize;
   }
+
+  private getRuntimeConfig(numResults?: number): string {
+    if (vectorExt === DatabaseExtension.VECTOR) {
+      return 'SET LOCAL hnsw.ef_search = 1000;'; // mitigate post-filter recall
+    }
+
+    let runtimeConfig = 'SET LOCAL vectors.enable_prefilter=on; SET LOCAL vectors.search_mode=vbase;';
+    if (numResults) {
+      runtimeConfig += ` SET LOCAL vectors.hnsw_ef_search = ${numResults};`;
+    }
+
+    return runtimeConfig;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/infra/sql/smart.info.repository.sql b/server/src/infra/sql/smart.info.repository.sql
index afb120bade..3151aede73 100644
--- a/server/src/infra/sql/smart.info.repository.sql
+++ b/server/src/infra/sql/smart.info.repository.sql
@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@
 -- SmartInfoRepository.searchCLIP
 START TRANSACTION
 SET
-  LOCAL vectors.enable_prefilter = on
+  LOCAL vectors.enable_prefilter = on;
+
 SET
-  LOCAL vectors.k = '100'
+  LOCAL vectors.search_mode = vbase;
+
+SET
+  LOCAL vectors.hnsw_ef_search = 100;
 SELECT
   "a"."id" AS "a_id",
   "a"."deviceAssetId" AS "a_deviceAssetId",
@@ -85,9 +89,13 @@ COMMIT
 -- SmartInfoRepository.searchFaces
 START TRANSACTION
 SET
-  LOCAL vectors.enable_prefilter = on
+  LOCAL vectors.enable_prefilter = on;
+
 SET
-  LOCAL vectors.k = '100'
+  LOCAL vectors.search_mode = vbase;
+
+SET
+  LOCAL vectors.hnsw_ef_search = 100;
 WITH
   "cte" AS (
     SELECT
@@ -100,7 +108,7 @@ WITH
       "faces"."boundingBoxY1" AS "boundingBoxY1",
       "faces"."boundingBoxX2" AS "boundingBoxX2",
       "faces"."boundingBoxY2" AS "boundingBoxY2",
-      1 + ("faces"."embedding" <= > $1) AS "distance"
+      "faces"."embedding" <= > $1 AS "distance"
     FROM
       "asset_faces" "faces"
       INNER JOIN "assets" "asset" ON "asset"."id" = "faces"."assetId"
@@ -108,7 +116,7 @@ WITH
     WHERE
       "asset"."ownerId" IN ($2)
     ORDER BY
-      1 + ("faces"."embedding" <= > $1) ASC
+      "faces"."embedding" <= > $1 ASC
     LIMIT
       100
   )
diff --git a/server/test/repositories/database.repository.mock.ts b/server/test/repositories/database.repository.mock.ts
index f34e6b06b5..f5a4d39a67 100644
--- a/server/test/repositories/database.repository.mock.ts
+++ b/server/test/repositories/database.repository.mock.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,14 @@ import { IDatabaseRepository, Version } from '@app/domain';
 export const newDatabaseRepositoryMock = (): jest.Mocked<IDatabaseRepository> => {
   return {
     getExtensionVersion: jest.fn(),
+    getAvailableExtensionVersion: jest.fn(),
+    getPreferredVectorExtension: jest.fn(),
     getPostgresVersion: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(new Version(14, 0, 0)),
     createExtension: jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => Promise.resolve()),
+    updateExtension: jest.fn(),
+    updateVectorExtension: jest.fn(),
+    reindex: jest.fn(),
+    shouldReindex: jest.fn(),
     runMigrations: jest.fn(),
     withLock: jest.fn().mockImplementation((_, function_: <R>() => Promise<R>) => function_()),
     isBusy: jest.fn(),