docker-adsb-ultrafeeder/README.md

# sdr-enthusiasts/docker-adsb-ultrafeeder

`adsb-ultrafeeder` is a ADS-B data collector container that can be used to:

* retrieve ADS-B data from your SDR or other device
* display it on a local map, including options to show tracks, heatmaps, and system performance graphs
* forward the data to one or more aggregators using BEAST/BEAST-REDUCE/BEAST-REDUCE-PLUS format
* send MLAT data to these aggregators
* receive and consolidate MLAT results data (built-in `mlathub`)
* Interface with external visualization tools such as Grafana using statistics data available in InfluxDB and Prometheus format

In order to accomplish this, the container makes use of the following underlying technologies:

* SDR-Enthusiasts [Docker Base-Image](https://github.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-baseimage)
* [Wiedehopf's branch of `readsb`](https://github.com/wiedehopf/readsb)
* Wiedehopf's [tar1090](https://github.com/wiedehopf/tar1090) graphical interface
* Wiedehopf's [graphs1090](https://github.com/wiedehopf/graphs1090)
* [MLAT Client](https://github.com/adsbxchange/mlat-client.git)

It builds and runs on `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm/v7 (linux/armhf)` and `linux/arm64` architectures.

![ultrafeeder container architecture](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/15090643/228925713-f2583af7-7cdf-4a8a-9ddb-d9e751991a46.png)

## Up-and-Running Quickly with `docker-compose`

* An example [`docker-compose.yml`](docker-compose.yml) file can be found in this repository.
* The accompanying environment variable values are defined in the [`.env`](.env) file in this repository

Once you have [installed Docker](https://github.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-install), you can follow these lines of code to get up and running in very little time:

```bash
sudo mkdir -p -m 777 /opt/adsb
cd /opt/adsb
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-adsb-ultrafeeder/main/docker-compose.yml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-adsb-ultrafeeder/main/.env
```

Then edit the `docker-compose.yml` and  `.env` files and make any changes as needed. Please configure ALL variables in `.env`:

```bash
nano docker-compose.yml
nano .env
```

Finally, bring up the stack. This may take a minute as it will automatically download the container and start it up:

```bash
docker compose up -d
```

## Ports

Some common ports are as follows (which may or may not be in use depending on your configuration). You can override the port mappings with the parameters shown in the [Optional Networking Parameters section](#optional-networking-parameters).

The general principle behind the port numbering, is:

* `30xxx` ports are connected to the main instance `readsb` that decodes and processes the SDR data
* `31xxx` ports are connected to the MLAT Hub
* `92xx` ports are for Prometheus statistics output
* `80` contains the Tar1090 web interface

| Port | Details |
|------|---------|
| `30001/tcp` | Raw protocol input |
| `30002/tcp` | Raw protocol output |
| `30003/tcp` | SBS/Basestation protocol output |
| `32006/tcp` | SBS/Basestation protocol input |
| `30004/tcp`<br/>`30104/tcp` | Beast protocol input |
| `30005/tcp` | Beast protocol output |
| `30006/tcp` | Beast reduce protocol output |
| `30047/tcp` | Json position output |
| `31003/tcp` | MLATHUB SBS/Basestation protocol output |
| `31004/tcp` | MLATHUB Beast protocol input |
| `31005/tcp` | MLATHUB Beast protocol output |
| `31006/tcp` | MLATHUB Beast-reduce protocol output |
| `9273/tcp`  | Prometheus web interface with data from `readsb` |
| `9274/tcp`  | Prometheus web interface with data from `Telegraf` |
| `80/tcp`    | Tar1090 (map) web interface |

Any of these ports can be made available to the host system by using the `ports:` directive in your `docker-compose.yml`. The container's web interface is rendered to port `80` in the container. This can me mapped to a port on the host using the docker-compose `ports` directive. In the example [`docker-compose.yml`](docker-compose.yml) file, the container's Tar1090 interface is mapped to `8080` on the host system, and ports `9273-9274` are exposed as-is:

```yaml
    ports:
      - 8080:80               # to expose the web interface
      - 9273-9274:9273-9274   # to expose the statistics interface to Prometheus
```

Json position output:

* outputs an aircraft object for every new position received for an aircraft if the --json-trace-interval has elapsed for that aircraft
* to make it output every received position, set READSB_JSON_TRACE_INTERVAL to 0.1
* each json object will be on a new line
* <https://github.com/wiedehopf/readsb/blob/dev/README-json.md>

Aircraft.json:

* <https://github.com/wiedehopf/readsb/blob/dev/README-json.md>
* available on the same port as the web interface, example: `http://192.168.x.yy:8087/data/aircraft.json`

## Runtime Environment Variables

The sections below describe how to configure each part of the container functionality. Each section describes what's needed to come up with a minimally viable configuration, followed by additional / optional parameters that can also be set.

Note:

* to enable a parameter, you can set it to any of `1`, `true`, `on`, `enabled`, `enable`, `yes`, or `y`. In the table below, we'll simply use `true` for convenience.
* to disable a parameter, you can set it to anything else or simply leave it undefined.

### General Configuration

You need to make sure that the USB device can be accessed by the container. The best way to do so, is by adding the following to your `docker-compose.yml` file:

```yaml
    device_cgroup_rules:
      - 'c 189:* rwm'
...
    volumes:
      - /dev:/dev:ro
```

The advantage of doing this (over simply adding a `device:` directive pointing at the USB port) is that the construction above will automatically recover if you "hot plug" your dongle. ⚠️This feature requires a recent version of docker-compose (version >=2.3). Make sure your system is up to date if dongles are not found. ⚠️

#### Basic Ultrafeeder Parameters

##### Mandatory Parameters

The following parameters must be set (mandatory) for the container to function:

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `LAT` or `READSB_LAT` | The latitude of your antenna | |
| `LONG` or `READSB_LON` | The longitude of your antenna | |
| `ALT` or `READSB_ALT` | The altitude of your antenna above sea level. For example, `15m` or `45ft` | |
| `TZ` | Your local timezone in [TZ-database-name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones) format | |

##### Optional Parameters

| Variable | Description | Controls which `readsb` option | Default |
|----------|-------------|--------------------------------|---------|
| `ENABLE_TIMELAPSE1090` | Optional / Legacy. Set to `true` to enable timelapse1090. Once enabled, can be accessed via <http://dockerhost:port/timelapse/>. | Unset |
| `READSB_EXTRA_ARGS` | Optional, allows to specify extra parameters for readsb | Unset |
| `READSB_DEBUG` | Optional, used to set debug mode. `n`: network, `P`: CPR, `S`: speed check | Unset |
| `S6_SERVICES_GRACETIME` | Optional, set to 30000 when saving traces / globe_history | `3000` |
| `READSB_MAX_RANGE` | Optional. Maximum range (in nautical miles). | `300` |
| `READSB_ENABLE_BIASTEE` | Set to `true` to enable bias tee on supporting interfaces | | Unset |
| `READSB_RX_LOCATION_ACCURACY` | Accuracy of receiver location in metadata: 0=no location, 1=approximate, 2=exact | `--rx-location-accuracy=<n>` | `2` |
| `READSB_HEATMAP_INTERVAL` | Per plane interval for heatmap and replay (if you want to lower this, also lower json-trace-interval to this or a lower value) | `--heatmap=<sec>` | `15` |
| `READSB_MAX_RANGE` | Absolute maximum range for position decoding (in nm) | `--max-range=<dist>` | `300` |
| `READSB_STATS_EVERY` | Number of seconds between showing and resetting stats. | `--stats-every=<sec>` | Unset |
| `READSB_STATS_RANGE` | Set this to `true` to collect range statistics for polar plot. | `--stats-range` |  Unset |
| `READSB_RANGE_OUTLINE_HOURS` | Change which past timeframe the range outline is based on | `--range-outline-hours` |  `24` |
| `READSB_EXTRA_ARGS` | Optional, allows to specify extra parameters for readsb | | Unset |
| `S6_SERVICES_GRACETIME` | Optional, set to 30000 when saving traces / globe_history | | `3000` |
| `LOGLEVEL` | `verbose` (all messages), `error` (errors only), `none` (minimal) | | `verbose` |

`READSB_EXTRA_ARGS` just passes arguments to the commandline, you can check this file for more options for wiedehopf's readsb fork: <https://github.com/wiedehopf/readsb/blob/dev/help.h>

### Getting ADSB data to the Ultrafeeder

There are two ways to provide ADSB data to the Ultrafeeder:

* provide the container with access to a SDR or other hardware device that collects ADSB data
* allow the container to connect to a ADSB data source in Beast, Raw, or SBS format

These methods are not mutually exclusive - you can use both at the same time if you want.

#### Connecting to a SDR or other hardware device

If you want to connect your SDR to the container, here's how to do that:

##### Mandatory parameters

| Variable | Description | Controls which `readsb` option | Default |
|----------|-------------|--------------------------------|---------|
| `READSB_DEVICE_TYPE` | If using an SDR, set this to `rtlsdr`, `modesbeast`, `gnshulc` depending on the model of your SDR. If not using an SDR, leave un-set. | `--device-type=<type>` | Unset |
| `READSB_RTLSDR_DEVICE` | Select device by serial number. | `--device=<serial>` | Unset |
| `READSB_BEAST_SERIAL` | only when type `modesbeast` or `gnshulc` is used: Path to Beast serial device. | `--beast-serial=<path>` | `/dev/ttyUSB0` |

##### Optional/Additional Parameters

| Variable | Description | Controls which `readsb` option | Default |
|----------|-------------|--------------------------------|---------|
| `READSB_GAIN` | Set gain (in dB). Use `autogain` to have the container determine an appropriate gain, more on this below. | `--gain=<db>` | Max gain |
| `READSB_RTLSDR_PPM` | Set oscillator frequency correction in PPM. See [Estimating PPM](https://github.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-readsb-protobuf/README.MD#estimating-ppm)  | `--ppm=<correction>` | Unset |

###### AutoGain for RTLSDR Devices

If you have set `READSB_GAIN=autogain`, then the system will take signal strength measurements to determine the optimal gain. The AutoGain functionality is based on a (slightly) modified version of [Wiedehopf's AutoGain](https://github.com/wiedehopf/autogain). AutoGain will only work with `rtlsdr` style receivers.

There are 2 distinct periods in which the container will attempt to figure out the gain:

* The initial period of 2 hours, in which an adjustment is done every 5 minutes
* The subsequent period, in which an adjustment is done once every day

Please note that in order for the initial period to complete, the container must run for 90 minutes without restarting.

When taking measurements, if the percentage of "strong signals" (i.e., ADSB messages with RSSI > 3 dB) is larger than 6%, AutoGain will reduce the receiver's gain by 1 setting. Similarly, if the percentage of strong signals is smaller than 2.5%, AutoGain will increment the receiver's gain by 1 setting. When AutoGain changes the gain value, the `readsb` component of the container will restart. This may show as a disconnect / reconnected in container logs.

We recommend running the initial period during times when there are a lot of planes overhead, so the system will get a good initial view of what signals look like when traffic is at its peak for your location. If you forgot to do this for any reason, feel free to give the AutoGain reset command (see below) during flights busy hour.

Although not recommended, you can change the measurement intervals and low/high cutoffs with these parameters:

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `READSB_AUTOGAIN_INITIAL_TIMEPERIOD` | How long the Initial Time Period should last (in seconds) | `7200` |
| `READSB_AUTOGAIN_INITIAL_INTERVAL` | The measurement interval to optimize gain during the initial period of 90 minutes (in seconds) | `300` |
| `READSB_AUTOGAIN_SUBSEQUENT_INTERVAL` | The measurement interval to optimize gain during the subsequent period (in seconds) | `86400` |
| `READSB_AUTOGAIN_LOW_PCT` | If the percentage of "strong signals" (stronger than 3dBFS RSSI) is below this number, gain will be increased | `2.5` |
| `READSB_AUTOGAIN_HIGH_PCT` | If the percentage of "strong signals" (stronger than 3dBFS RSSI) is above this number, gain will be decreased | `6.0` |

If you need to reset AutoGain and start over determining the gain, you can do so with this command:

```bash
docker exec -it ultrafeeder /usr/local/bin/autogain1090 reset
```

#### Connecting to external ADSB data sources

In addition to (or instead of) connecting to a SDR or hardware device to get ADSB data, the container also supports ingesting data from a TCP port. Here are some parameters that you need to configure if you want to make this happen:

##### All-in-One Configuration using `ULTRAFEEDER_CONFIG`

`ULTRAFEEDER_CONFIG` is a new parameter that can be used instead of separately defining `READSB_NET_CONNECTOR`, `MLAT_NET_CONNECTOR`, `MLATHUB_NET_CONNECTOR`/`MLATHUB_CONFIG`. These legacy parameters will still work; however, we wanted to provide a single parameter that enables configuration of incoming and outgoing ADSB data, MLAT-client data, and MLATHUB data.

Note that `ULTRAFEEDER_CONFIG` and `ULTRAFEEDER_NET_CONNECTOR` can be used interchangeably; in this documentation, we'll use `ULTRAFEEDER_CONFIG` as an example.

`ULTRAFEEDER_CONFIG` syntax:

The ULTRAFEEDER_CONFIG parameter can have multiple config strings, separated by a `;`. Please note that the config strings cannot contain `;` or `,` -- undefined things may happen if these characters are present.

```yaml
- ULTRAFEEDER_CONFIG=adsb,host,port,protocol[,uuid=XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX][,extra-arguments]
...or...
- ULTRAFEEDER_CONFIG=mlat,host,port[,return_port][,uuid=XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX][,extra-arguments]
...or...
- ULTRAFEEDER_CONFIG=mlathub,host,port,protocol[,uuid=XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX][,extra-arguments]
```

In the above configuration strings:

* `host` is an IP address. Specify an IP/hostname/containername for incoming or outgoing connections.
* `port` and `return_port` are TCP port numbers
* `protocol` can be one of the following:
  * `beast_reduce_out`: Beast-format output with lower data throughput (saves bandwidth and CPU)
  * `beast_reduce_plus_out`: Beast-format output with extra data (UUID). This is the preferred format when feeding the "new" aggregator services
  * `beast_out`: Beast-format output
  * `beast_in`: Beast-format input
  * `raw_out`: Raw output
  * `raw_in`: Raw input
  * `sbs_out`: SBS-format output
  * `vrs_out`: SBS-format output
* `uuid=XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX` is an optional parameter that sets the UUID for this specific instance. It will override the global `UUID` parameter. This is only needed when you want to send different UUIDs to different aggregators.
* `extra-arguments` can be any additional command line argument you want to pass to readsb, mlathub, or mlat-client. Example: `--net-only`. Please make sure to only once pass in an extra argument for each of the adsb|mlat|mlathub service.

##### Networking parameters

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `BEASTHOST` | IP/Hostname of a Mode-S/Beast provider (`dump1090`/`readsb`) | |
| `BEASTPORT` | TCP port number of Mode-S/Beast provider (`dump1090`/`readsb`) | `30005` |
| `MLATHOST` | Legacy parameter. IP/Hostname of an MLAT provider (`mlat-client`). Note - using this parameter will not make the MLAT data part of the consolidated mlathub. The preferred way of ingesting MLAT results is using the `mlathub` functionality of the container, see below for details | |
| `MLATPORT` | Legacy parameter used with `MLATHOST`. TCP port number of an MLAT provider (`mlat-client`) | 30105 |

##### Alternate Configuration Method with `READSB_NET_CONNECTOR`

Instead of (or in addition to) using `BEASTHOST`, you can also define ADSB data ingests using the `READSB_NET_CONNECTOR` parameter. This is the preferred way if you have multiple sources or destinations for your ADSB data. This variable allows you to configure incoming and outgoing connections. The variable takes a semicolon (`;`) separated list of `host,port,protocol[,uuid=XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX]`, where:

* `host` is an IP address. Specify an IP/hostname/containername for incoming or outgoing connections.
* `port` is a TCP port number
* `protocol` can be one of the following:
  * `beast_reduce_out`: Beast-format output with lower data throughput (saves bandwidth and CPU)
  * `beast_reduce_plus_out`: Beast-format output with extra data (UUID). This is the preferred format when feeding the "new" aggregator services
  * `beast_out`: Beast-format output
  * `beast_in`: Beast-format input
  * `raw_out`: Raw output
  * `raw_in`: Raw input
  * `sbs_out`: SBS-format output
  * `vrs_out`: SBS-format output
* `uuid=XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX` is an optional parameter that sets the UUID for this specific instance. It will override the global `UUID` parameter. This is only needed when you want to send different UUIDs to different aggregators.

NOTE: If you have a UAT dongle and use `dump978` to decode this, you should use `READSB_NET_CONNECTOR` to ingest UAT data from `dump978`. See example below

```yaml
    environment:
    ...
      - READSB_NET_CONNECTOR=dump978,37981,raw_in;another-data-aggregator.com,30005,beast_reduce_plus_out
    ...
```

##### Optional Networking Parameters

There are many optional parameters relating to the ingestion of data and the general networking functioning of the `readsb` program that implements this functionality.

| Variable | Description | Controls which `readsb` option | Default |
|----------|-------------|--------------------------------|---------|
| `READSB_NET_API_PORT` | <https://github.com/wiedehopf/readsb/blob/dev/README-json.md#--net-api-port-query-formats> | `--net-api-port=<ports>` | `30152` |
| `READSB_NET_BEAST_REDUCE_INTERVAL` | BeastReduce position update interval, longer means less data (valid range: `0.000` - `14.999`) | `--net-beast-reduce-interval=<seconds>` | `1.0` |
| `READSB_NET_BEAST_REDUCE_FILTER_DIST` | Restrict beast-reduce output to aircraft in a radius of X nmi | `--net-beast-reduce-filter-dist=<nmi>` | Unset |
| `READSB_NET_BEAST_REDUCE_FILTER_ALT` | Restrict beast-reduce output to aircraft below X ft | `--net-beast-reduce-filter-alt=<ft>` | Unset |
| `READSB_NET_BEAST_REDUCE_OUT_PORT` | TCP BeastReduce output listen ports (comma separated) | `--net-beast-reduce-out-port=<ports>` | Unset |
| `READSB_NET_BEAST_INPUT_PORT`| TCP Beast input listen ports | `--net-bi-port=<ports>` | `30004,30104` |
| `READSB_NET_BEAST_OUTPUT_PORT` | TCP Beast output listen ports | `--net-bo-port=<ports>` | `30005` |
| `READSB_NET_BUFFER` | TCP buffer size 64Kb * (2^n) | `--net-buffer=<n>` | `2` (256Kb) |
| `READSB_NET_RAW_OUTPUT_INTERVAL` | TCP output flush interval in seconds (maximum interval between two network writes of accumulated data). | `--net-ro-interval=<rate>` | `0.05` |
| `READSB_NET_RAW_OUTPUT_SIZE` | TCP output flush size (maximum amount of internally buffered data before writing to network). | `--net-ro-size=<size>` | `1200` |
| `READSB_NET_CONNECTOR_DELAY` | Outbound re-connection delay. | `--net-connector-delay=<seconds>` | `30` |
| `READSB_NET_HEARTBEAT` | TCP heartbeat rate in seconds (0 to disable). | `--net-heartbeat=<rate>` | `35` |
| `READSB_NET_RAW_INPUT_PORT` | TCP raw input listen ports. | `--net-ri-port=<ports>` | `30001` |
| `READSB_NET_RAW_OUTPUT_PORT` | TCP raw output listen ports. | `--net-ro-port=<ports>` | `30002` |
| `READSB_NET_SBS_INPUT_PORT` | TCP BaseStation input listen ports. | `--net-sbs-in-port=<ports>` | Unset |
| `READSB_NET_SBS_OUTPUT_PORT` | TCP BaseStation output listen ports. | `--net-sbs-port=<ports>` | `30003` |
| `READSB_NET_SBS_DISABLE_REDUCE` | Disable application of "reduce" logic to SBS/BaseStation output. (By default, this is enabled) | `--net-sbs-reduce` | Unset |
| `REASSB_NET_VERBATIM` | Set this to `true` to forward messages unchanged. | `--net-verbatim` | Unset |
| `READSB_NET_VRS_PORT` | TCP VRS JSON output listen ports. | `--net-vrs-port=<ports>` | Unset |
| `READSB_WRITE_STATE_ONLY_ON_EXIT` | if set to anything, it will only write the status range outlines, etc. upon termination of `readsb` | `--write-state-only-on-exit` | Unset |
| `READSB_JSON_INTERVAL` | Update interval for the webinterface in seconds / interval between aircraft.json writes | `--write-json-every=<sec>` | `1.0` |
| `READSB_JSON_TRACE_INTERVAL` | Per plane interval for json position output and trace interval for globe history | `--json-trace-interval=<sec>` | `15` |
| `READSB_FORWARD_MLAT_SBS` | If set to anthing, it will include MLAT results in the SBS/BaseStation output. This may be desirable if you feed SBS data to applications like [VRS](https://github.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-virtualradarserver) or [PlaneFence](https://github.com/kx1t/docker-planefence) | Unset |
| `UUID` | Sets the UUID that is sent on the `beast_reduce_plus` port if no individual UUIDs have been defined with the `READSB_NET_CONNECTOR` parameter. Similarly, it's also used with `mlat-client` (see below) if no individual UUIDs have been set with the `MLAT_CONFIG` parameter. | | unset |

##### MLAT configuration

The Ultrafeeder contains a capability to send MLAT data to MLAT servers to be processed, and to receive the MLAT results and integrate those with an MLAT Hub and the `tar1090` map.
It will create a separate instance of `mlat-client` for each defined MLAT server. The parameters for these `mlat-client` instances is as follows:

```yaml
    environment:
    ...
      - MLAT_NET_CONNECTOR=
           mlat-server1.com,port1,return_port1,uuid=1234-5678-90123,--extra-argument hello;
           mlat-server2.com,port2,return_port2,uuid=5678-9012-34567,--extra-argument hello
    ...
```

where:

* `mlat-server.com` is the domain name or ip address of the target MLAT server (mandatory)
* `port` is the port (TCP or UDP) of the target MLAT server (mandatory)
* `return_port` is the port at which the MLAT results are made available in BEAST format. We recommend to sequentially number them starting at 39000 (optional)
* `uuid=xxxx` defines a unique user ID for this MLAT server instance. If included, the string must start with `uuid=` (optional)
* `extra-arguments` are any additional command line arguments that you would like to use for this MLAT Client instance (optional)

Note - the three optional parameters (`return_port`, `uuid=`, and `extra-arguments`) can be given in any order.

If no UUID is specified with the `MLAT_CONFIG` parameter, it will use the value of the `UUID` parameter if it exists. If that fails, no UUID parameter is included with `mlat-client`.

### Web Gui (`tar1090`) Configuration

The Container creates an interactive web interface displaying the aircraft, based on Wiedehopf's widely used [tar1090](https://github.com/wiedehopf/tar1090) software.

The web interface is rendered to port `80` in the container. This can me mapped to a port on the host using the docker-compose `ports` directive.

All of the variables below are optional.

Note - due to design limitations of `readsb`, the `tar1090` graphical interface will by default ONLY show MLAT results from the aggregators/MLAT sources that were defined with the `MLAT_NET_CONNECTOR` parameter. If you want to show any additional MLAT results (for example, those from `piaware`), you should add a separate `READSB_NET_CONNECTOR` entry for them.

#### `tar1090` Core Configuration

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `READSB_JSON_INTERVAL` | Update data update interval for the webinterface in seconds | `1.0` |
| `UPDATE_TAR1090` | At startup update tar1090 and tar1090db to the latest versions | `true` |
| `INTERVAL` | Interval at which the track history is saved | `8` |
| `HISTORY_SIZE` | How many points in time are stored in the track history | `450` |
| `ENABLE_978` | Change to yes to enable UAT/978 display in `tar1090`. This will also enable UAT-specific graphs in graphs1090 | `no` |
| `URL_978` | The URL needs to point at where you would normally find the skyview978 webinterface, for example `http://192.168.0.29/skyaware978`. Note -- do not use `localhost` or `127.0.0.1 | |
| `GZIP_LVL` | `1`-`9` are valid, lower lvl: less CPU usage, higher level: less network bandwidth used when loading the page | `3` |
| `PTRACKS` | Shows the last `$PTRACKS` hours of traces you have seen at the `?pTracks` URL | `8` |
| `TAR1090_FLIGHTAWARELINKS` | Set to `true` to enable FlightAware links in the web interface | `null` |
| `TAR1090_ENABLE_AC_DB` | Set to `true` to enable extra information, such as aircraft type and registration, to be included in in `aircraft.json` output. Will use more memory; use caution on older Pis or similar devices. | `false` |
| `HEYWHATSTHAT_PANORAMA_ID` | Your `heywhatsthat.com` panorama ID. See <https://github.com/wiedehopf/tar1090#heywhatsthatcom-range-outline> | |
| `HEYWHATSTHAT_ALTS` | Comma separated altitudes for multiple outlines. Use no units or `ft` for feet, `m` for meters, or `km` for kilometers. Only integer numbers are accepted, no decimals please | `12192m` (=40000 ft) |
| `HTTP_ACCESS_LOG` | Optional. Set to `true` to display HTTP server access logs. | `false` |
| `HTTP_ERROR_LOG` | Optional. Set to `false` to hide HTTP server error logs. | `true` |

* For documentation on the aircraft.json format see this page: <https://github.com/wiedehopf/readsb/blob/dev/README-json.md>
* TAR1090_ENABLE_AC_DB causes readsb to load the tar1090 database as a csv file from this repository: <https://github.com/wiedehopf/tar1090-db/tree/csv>

#### `tar1090` `config.js` Configuration - Title

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `TAR1090_PAGETITLE` | Set the tar1090 web page title | `tar1090` |
| `TAR1090_PLANECOUNTINTITLE` | Show number of aircraft in the page title | `false` |
| `TAR1090_MESSAGERATEINTITLE` | Show number of messages per second in the page title | `false` |

#### `tar1090` `config.js` Configuration - Output

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `TAR1090_DISPLAYUNITS` | The DisplayUnits setting controls whether nautical (ft, NM, knots), metric (m, km, km/h) or imperial (ft, mi, mph) units are used in the plane table and in the detailed plane info. Valid values are "`nautical`", "`metric`", or "`imperial`". | `nautical` |

#### `tar1090` `config.js` Configuration - Map Settings

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `TAR1090_BINGMAPSAPIKEY` | Provide a Bing Maps API key to enable the Bing imagery layer. You can obtain a free key (with usage limits) at <https://www.bingmapsportal.com/> (you need a "basic key"). | `null` |
| `TAR1090_DEFAULTCENTERLAT` | Default center (latitude) of the map. This setting is overridden by any position information provided by dump1090/readsb. All positions are in decimal degrees. | `45.0` |
| `TAR1090_DEFAULTCENTERLON` | Default center (longitude) of the map. This setting is overridden by any position information provided by dump1090/readsb. All positions are in decimal degrees. | `9.0` |
| `TAR1090_DEFAULTZOOMLVL` | The google maps zoom level, `0` - `16`, lower is further out. | `7` |
| `TAR1090_SITESHOW` | Center marker. If dump1090 provides a receiver location, that location is used and these settings are ignored. Set to `true` to show a center marker. | `false` |
| `TAR1090_SITELAT` | Center marker. If dump1090 provides a receiver location, that location is used and these settings are ignored. Position of the marker (latitude). | `45.0` |
| `TAR1090_SITELON` | Center marker. If dump1090 provides a receiver location, that location is used and these settings are ignored. Position of the marker (longitude). | `9.0` |
| `TAR1090_SITENAME` | The tooltip of the center marker. | `My Radar Site` |
| `TAR1090_RANGE_OUTLINE_COLOR` | Colour for the range outline. | `#0000DD` |
| `TAR1090_RANGE_OUTLINE_WIDTH` | Width for the range outline. | `1.7` |
| `TAR1090_RANGE_OUTLINE_COLORED_BY_ALTITUDE` | Range outline is coloured by altitude. | `false` |
| `TAR1090_RANGE_OUTLINE_DASH` | Range outline dashing. Syntax `[L, S]` where `L` is the pixel length of the line, and `S` is the pixel length of the space. | Unset |
| `TAR1090_ACTUAL_RANGE_OUTLINE_COLOR` | Colour for the actual range outline | `#00596b` |
| `TAR1090_ACTUAL_RANGE_OUTLINE_WIDTH` | Width of the actual range outline | `1.7` |
| `TAR1090_ACTUAL_RANGE_OUTLINE_DASH`  | Dashed style for the actual range outline. Unset for solid line. `[5,5]` for a dashed line with 5 pixel lines and spaces in between | Unset |
| `TAR1090_MAPTYPE_TAR1090` | Which map is displayed to new visitors. Valid values for this setting are `osm`, `esri`,  `carto_light_all`, `carto_light_nolabels`, `carto_dark_all`, `carto_dark_nolabels`, `gibs`, `osm_adsbx`, `chartbundle_sec`, `chartbundle_tac`, `chartbundle_hel`, `chartbundle_enrl`, `chartbundle_enra`, `chartbundle_enrh`, and only with bing key `bing_aerial`, `bing_roads`. | `carto_light_all` |
| `TAR1090_MAPDIM` | Default map dim state, true or false. | `true` |
| `TAR1090_MAPDIMPERCENTAGE` | The percentage amount of dimming used if the map is dimmed, `0`-`1` | `0.45` |
| `TAR1090_MAPCONTRASTPERCENTAGE` | The percentage amount of contrast used if the map is dimmed, `0`-`1` | `0` |
| `TAR1090_DWDLAYERS` | Various map layers provided by the DWD geoserver can be added here. [Preview and available layers](https://maps.dwd.de/geoserver/web/wicket/bookmarkable/org.geoserver.web.demo.MapPreviewPage?1&filter=false). Multiple layers are also possible. Syntax: `dwd:layer1,dwd:layer2,dwd:layer3` | `dwd:RX-Produkt` |
| `TAR1090_LABELZOOM` | Displays aircraft labels only until this zoom level, `1`-`15` (values >`15` don't really make sense)|   |
| `TAR1090_LABELZOOMGROUND` | Displays ground traffic labels only until this zoom level, `1`-`15` (values >`15` don't really make sense) |   |

#### `tar1090` `config.js` Configuration - Range Rings

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `TAR1090_RANGERINGS` | `false` to hide range rings | `true` |
| `TAR1090_RANGERINGSDISTANCES` | Distances to display range rings, in miles, nautical miles, or km (depending settings value '`TAR1090_DISPLAYUNITS`'). Accepts a comma separated list of numbers (no spaces, no quotes). | `100,150,200,250` |
| `TAR1090_RANGERINGSCOLORS` | Colours for each of the range rings specified in `TAR1090_RANGERINGSDISTANCES`. Accepts a comma separated list of hex colour values, each enclosed in single quotes (eg `TAR1090_RANGERINGSCOLORS='#FFFFF','#00000'`). No spaces. | Unset |

#### `tar1090` `config.js` Configuration - Route Display

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `TAR1090_USEROUTEAPI` | Set to `true` to enable route lookup for callsigns | Unset |
| `TAR1090_ROUTEAPIURL` | API URL used | `https://api.adsb.lol/api/0/routeset` |

### Configuring `graphs1090`

#### `graphs1090` Environment Parameters

| Variable | Description | Default |
|----------|-------------|---------|
| `GRAPHS1090_DARKMODE` | If set to `true`, `graphs1090` will be rendered in "dark mode". | Unset |
| `GRAPHS1090_RRD_STEP` | Interval in seconds to feed data into RRD files. | `60` |
| `GRAPHS1090_SIZE` | Set graph size, possible values: `small`, `default`, `large`, `huge`, `custom`. | `default` |
| `GRAPHS1090_ALL_LARGE` | Make the small graphs as large as the big ones by setting to `yes`. | `no` |
| `GRAPHS1090_FONT_SIZE` | Font size (relative to graph size). | `10.0` |
| `GRAPHS1090_MAX_MESSAGES_LINE` | Set to `true` to draw a reference line at the maximum message rate. | Unset |
| `GRAPHS1090_LARGE_WIDTH` | Defines the width of the larger graphs. | `1096` |
| `GRAPHS1090_LARGE_HEIGHT` | Defines the height of the larger graphs. | `235` |
| `GRAPHS1090_SMALL_WIDTH` | Defines the width of the smaller graphs. | `619` |
| `GRAPHS1090_SMALL_HEIGHT` | Defines the height of the smaller graphs. | `324` |
| `GRAPHS1090_DISK_DEVICE` | Defines which disk device (`mmc0`, `sda`, `sdc`, etc) is shown. Leave empty for default device | Unset |
| `GRAPHS1090_ETHERNET_DEVICE` | Defines which (wired) ethernet device (`eth0`, `enp0s`, etc) is shown. Leave empty for default device | Unset |
| `GRAPHS1090_WIFI_DEVICE` | Defines which (wireless) WiFi device (`wlan0`, `wlp3s0`, etc) is shown. Leave empty for default device | Unset |
| `GRAPHS1090_DISABLE` | Set to `true` to disable the GRAPHS1090 web page and data collection | Unset |
| `ENABLE_AIRSPY` | Optional, set to any non-empty value if you want to enable the special AirSpy graphs. See below for additional configuration requirements | Unset |

#### Enabling UAT data

ADS-B over UAT data is transmitted in the 978 MHz band, and this is used in the USA only. To display the corresponding graphs, you should:

1. Set the following environment parameters:

```yaml
  - ENABLE_978=yes
  - URL_978=http://dump978/skyaware978
```

2. Install the [`docker-dump978` container](https://github.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-dump978). Note - only containers downloaded/deployed on/after Feb 8, 2023 will work.

Note that you **must** configure `URL_978` to point at a working skyaware978 website with `aircraft.json` data feed. This means that the URL `http://dump978/skyaware978/data/aircraft.json` must return valid JSON data to this `tar1090` container.

#### Enabling AirSpy graphs

Users of AirSpy devices can enable extra `graphs1090` graphs by configuring the following:

* Set the following environment parameter:

```yaml
      - ENABLE_AIRSPY=yes
```

* To provide the container access to the AirSpy statistics, map a volume in your `docker-compose.yml` file as follows:

```yaml
    volumes:
      - /run/airspy_adsb:/run/airspy_adsb
      ...
```

#### Enabling Disk IO and IOPS data

To allow the container access to the Disk IO data, you should map the following volume:

```yaml
    volumes:
      - /proc/diskstats:/proc/diskstats:ro
      ...
```

#### Configuring the Core Temperature graphs

By default, the system will use the temperature available at Thermal Zone 0. This generally works well on Raspberry Pi devices, and no additional changes are needed.

On different devices, the Core Temperature is mapped to a different Thermal Zone. To ensure the Core Temperature graph works, follow these steps

First check out which Thermal Zone contains the temperature you want to monitor. On your host system, do this:

```bash
for i in /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone* ; do echo "$i - $(cat ${i}/type) - $(cat ${i}/temp 2>/dev/null)"; done
```

Something similar to this will be show:

```bash
/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0 - acpitz - 25000
/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone1 - INT3400 Thermal - 20000
/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone2 - TSKN - 43050
/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone3 - NGFF - 32050
/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone4 - TMEM - 39050
/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone5 - pch_skylake - 40500
/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone6 - B0D4 - 54050
/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone7 - iwlwifi_1 -
/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone8 - x86_pkg_temp - 57000
```

Repeat this a few times to ensure that the temperature varies and isn't hardcoded to a value. In our case, either Thermal Zone 5 (`pch_skylake` is the Intel Core name) or Thermal Zone 8 (the temp of the entire SOC package) can be used. Once you have determined which Thermal Zone number you want to use, map it to a volume like this. Make sure that the part to the left of the first `:` reflects your Thermal Zone directory; the part to the right of the first `:` should always be `/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0:ro`.

Note that you will have to add `- privileged: true` capabilities to the container. This is less than ideal as it will give the container access to all of your system devices and processes. Make sure you feel comfortable with this before you do this.

```yaml
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone8:/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0:ro
      ...
```

Note - on some systems (DietPi comes to mind), `/sys/class/thermal/` may not be available.

### `timelapse1090` Configuration

Legacy: **We recommend AGAINST enabling this feature** as it has been replaced with <http://dockerhost:port/?replay>. `timelapse1090` writes a lot of data to disk, which could shorten the lifespan of your Raspiberry Pi SD card. The replacement functionality is better and doesn't cause any additional disk writes.

| Environment Variable | Purpose | Default |
|----------------------|---------|---------|
| `ENABLE_TIMELAPSE1090` | Optional / Legacy. Set to `true` to enable timelapse1090. Once enabled, can be accessed via <http://dockerhost:port/timelapse/> | Unset |
| `TIMELAPSE1090_INTERVAL` | Snapshot interval in seconds | `10` |
| `TIMELAPSE1090_HISTORY` | Time saved in hours | `24` |

## Web Pages

If you have configured the container as described above, you should be able to browse to the following web pages:
You should now be able to browse to:

* <http://dockerhost/> to access the tar1090 web interface.
* <http://dockerhost/?replay> to see a replay of past data
* <http://dockerhost/?heatmap> to see the heatmap for the past 24 hours
* <http://dockerhost/?heatmap&realHeat> to see a different heatmap for the past 24 hours
* <http://dockerhost/?pTracks> to see the tracks of all planes for the past 24 hours
* <http://dockerhost/graphs1090/> to see performance graphs

## Paths

No paths need to be mapped through to persistent storage. However, if you don't want to lose your range outline and aircraft tracks/history and heatmap / replay data on container restart, you can optionally map these paths:

| Path | Purpose |
|------|---------|
| `/opt/adsb/ultrafeeder/globe_history:/var/globe_history` | Holds range outline data, heatmap / replay data and traces if enabled.  
*Note: this data won't be automatically deleted, you will need to delete it eventually if you map this path.* |
| `/opt/adsb/ultrafeeder/timelapse1090:/var/timelapse1090` | Holds timelapse1090 data if enabled. (We recommend against enabling this feature, see above) |
| `/opt/adsb/ultrafeeder/collectd:/var/lib/collectd`  | Holds graphs1090 & performance data |
| `/proc/diskstats:/proc/diskstats:ro` | Makes disk statistics available to `graphs1090` |
| `/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone8:/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0:ro` | Only needed on some systems to display the CPU temperature in `graphs1090`, see [here](#configuring-the-core-temperature-graphs) |

### Configuring the built-in MLAT Hub

An "MLAT Hub" is an aggregator of MLAT results from several sources. Since the container is capable of sending MLAT data to multiple ADSB aggregators (like adsb.lol/fi/one, etc), we built in a capability to:

* collect the MLAT results from all of these services
* ingest MLAT results from other containers (FlightAware, Radarbox, etc.)
* make the consolidated MLAT results available on a port in Beast or SBS (BaseStation) format
* create outbound connections using any supported format to send your Beast data wherever you want

Note - due to design limitations of `readsb`, the `tar1090` graphical interface will by default ONLY show MLAT results from the aggregators/MLAT sources that were defined with the `MLAT_NET_CONNECTOR` parameter. If you want to show any additional MLAT results (for example, those from `piaware`), you should add a separate `READSB_NET_CONNECTOR` for them. Adding these sources only to `MLATHUB_NET_CONNECTOR` will make the data available on the MLATHUB, but won't display them on your `tar1090` map.

Generally, there is little to configure, but there are a few parameters that you can set or change:

| Variable | Description | Default if omitted|
|----------|-------------|--------------------------------|
| `MLATHUB_SBS_OUT_PORT` | TCP port where the consolidated MLAT results will be available in SBS (BaseStation) format | `31003` |
| `MLATHUB_BEAST_IN_PORT` | TCP port you where you can send additional MLAT results to, in Beast format | `31004` |
| `MLATHUB_BEAST_OUT_PORT` | TCP port where consolidated MLAT results will be available in Beast format | `31005` |
| `MLATHUB_BEAST_REDUCE_OUT_PORT` |  TCP port where consolidated MLAT results will be available in Beast format with reduced data rates | `31006` |
| `MLATHUB_NET_CONNECTOR` | List of semi-colon (`;`) separated IP or host, port, and protocols where MLATHUB will connect to ingest or send MLAT data. It follows the same syntax as described in the [`READSB_NET_CONNECTOR` syntax section](#alternate-configuration-method-with-readsb_net_connector) above. | Unset |

## Metrics

This image contains [Telegraf](https://docs.influxdata.com/telegraf/), which will be used to capture metrics from `readsb` if an output is enabled.

### Output to InfluxDBv2

In order for Telegraf to output metrics to an [InfluxDBv2](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/) time-series database, the following environment variables can be used:

| Variable | Description |
| ---- | ---- |
| `INFLUXDBV2_URL` | The URL of the InfluxDB instance |
| `INFLUXDBV2_TOKEN` | The token for authentication |
| `INFLUXDBV2_BUCKET` | Destination bucket to write into |
| `INFLUXDBV2_ORG` | InfluxDB Organization to write into |

### Output to Prometheus and configuring Grafana

In order for Telegraf to serve a [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io) endpoint, the following environment variables can be used:

| Variable | Description |
| ---- | ---- |
| `PROMETHEUS_ENABLE` | Set to `true` for a Prometheus endpoint on `http://0.0.0.0:9273/metrics` |

Please see the [separate instruction document](README-grafana.md) for step by step instructions on how to set up and configure a Grafana Dashboard.

## Message decoding introspection

You can look at individual messages and what information they contain, either for all or for an individual aircraft by hex:

```shell
# only for hex 3D3ED0
docker exec -it ultrafeeder /usr/local/bin/viewadsb --show-only 3D3ED0

# for all aircraft
docker exec -it ultrafeeder /usr/local/bin/viewadsb --no-interactive

# show position / CPR debugging for hex 3D3ED0
docker exec -it ultrafeeder /usr/local/bin/viewadsb --cpr-focus 3D3ED0
```

## Logging

All logs are to the container's stdout and can be viewed with `docker logs -t [-f] container`.

## Getting help

Please feel free to [open an issue on the project's GitHub](https://github.com/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-tar1090/issues).

We also have a [Discord channel](https://discord.gg/sTf9uYF), feel free to [join](https://discord.gg/sTf9uYF) and converse.

## Acknowledgements

* The [SDR-Enthusiasts team](https://github.com/sdr-enthusiasts) ([Mike Nye](https://github.com/mikenye), [Fred Clausen](https://github.com/fredclausen)) for all the foot and leg work done to create the base images on which the container is built
* [Wiedehopf](https://github.com/wiedehopf) for modifying, creating, maintaining, and adding features to many of the components of this container including [readsb](https://github.com/wiedehopf/readsb), [tar1090](https://github.com/wiedehopf/tar1090), [graphs1090](https://github.com/wiedehopf/graphs1090), [autogain](https://github.com/wiedehopf/adsb-scripts/wiki/Automatic-gain-optimization-for-readsb-and-dump1090-fa), and many more components
* [John Norrbin](https://github.com/Johnex) for his ideas, testing, feature requests, more testing, nagging, pushing, prodding, and overall efforts to make this a high quality container and for the USB "hotplug" configuration
* The community at the [SDR-Enthusiasts Discord Server](https://discord.gg/sTf9uYF) for helping out, testing, asking questions, and generally driving to make this a better product
* Of course the Open Source community at large, including Salvatore Sanfilippo and Oliver Jowett (mutability) who wrote the excellent base code for `dump1090` from which much of this is derived